작성일자: 2013.11.25

작성자: 라고스 무역관 Mr. Bassey Joseph(enjaybassey@yahoo.co.uk)

 

 

1. 해외 신흥개발국 국가별 건설시장

 

□ 나이지리아 건설시장 개요

 

 ○ Many years of underinvestment and poor maintenance have left Nigeria with a significant infrastructure deficit which is holding back the country's development and economic growth. Nigeria therefore needs to make massive investments, beyond the means available to government in order to close its yawning infrastructure gap.

 

 ○ In order to demonstrate its commitment to infrastructural development, the Federal Government established the Infrastructure Concession Regulatory Commission(ICRC) through the ICRC Act of 2005. The Commission is responsible for catalyzing Public Private Partnership(PPP) for the development and implementation of the PPP Scheme.

 

 ○ Over the last two decades, investment in infrastructure development has not translated to significant improvement in any of the sectors, be it Roads, Power, Housing, Railways, Airports and Seaports. Over the years, there have been several sectoral Master Plans. These include the National Transport Master Plan, Gas Master Plan, Energy Master Plan and Rail Master Plan. These master plans, however, were developed separately and independently from one another.

 

 ○ Therefore the need to make these plans consistent with the present development priorities became a key focus of the present administration. The 30-year National Integrated Infrastructure Masterplan(NIIMP) currently being developed adequately aligns with the aspirations, focus and priorities of the people and government, in order to address the emerging development challenges in the country.

 

 ○ The construction business in Nigeria is a multi-billion industry with hardly any year falling short of expected windfalls by construction companies. In the housing sector, Nigeria currently has a housing deficit of 23 million that should be met by 2020. This would require annual supply of a minimum of 2.6 million homes to bridge the gap.

 

□ 건설시장 전망

 

 ○ According to the World Bank estimates, Nigeria's vision of becoming a middle-class income country by 2020 will require sustained investment in infrastructure, almost US$ 14.2 billion a year, over the next 10 years, which is about 12% of the GDP. Presently, the country invest about US$ 5.9 billion per year, which represents 5% of GDP.

 

 ○ The government of Nigeria at both the Federal and States level, attach great importance to infrastructural development and the new trend in infrastructural development is the adoption of the Public Private Partnership scheme.

 

 ① 도로 건설(Road Construction)

  - Nigeria ranks top compared with other countries in Sub-Saharan Africa in terms of road network. The country also has the largest road network in West Africa and the second largest south of Sahara, with an estimated 200,000 kilometers of roads, connecting villages to cities.

  - Hitherto, the financing of road construction projects has been through annual budget which have proved to be inadequate to fund road infrastructural development. On the average, the annual funding requirement is estimated at N500 billion (US$ 3.2 billion) over the next ten years, against an average budgetary allocation of N120 billion (US$ 774 million) with a shortfall of N380 billion (US$ 2.45 billion).

  - In 2012 alone, out of the allocation of N133 billion budgeted for road infrastructural development, only N102 billion (US$ 658 million) was released, with a shortfall of N21 billion (US$ 135 million) unimplemented.

  - The present government's transformation agenda in the road sector seeks to deliver better and safer roads in Nigeria, as well as to link the six geo-political zones in the country with dual carriageways. Due to urgent need to meet the yearning of the public, the Federal Ministry of Works has also embraced some institutional reforms which will pave way for private sector financing of road construction in Nigeria.

  - In line with the Federal Government's seven point agenda for the provision, operation and maintenance of infrastructure in the country, the Federal Ministry of Works has embarked on the concession of high traffic roads through the Public Private Partnership arrangement.

  - Some of the roads that are presently being funded by the Federal Government but are to be awarded in future for PPP under Operation and Maintenance model are:

 

1. Abuja - Kaduna - Kano 2. Shagamu - Benin - Asaba 3. Lagos - Iseyin - Kishi - Kaima 4. Kaiama - Bahama - Kaoje - Gwambu - Fokki - Sokoto 5. Jos - Akwanga - Makurdi Road, with link road to Keffi from Akwanga 6. Bodo - Bonny Road, 7. Onitsha - Enugu Road

 

  - The Federal Ministry of Works has also embarked on the development of a critical road infrastructure project described as green-field projects, which has been identified to comprise mainly of two primary alignments; The Golden Triangle Super-Highway and The 2nd Lagos Outer Ring Road.

  - The Golden Triangle Super-Highway of approximately 5,000㎞ provides connection between key hubs of commercial activities across the country namely:

 

1. Lagos - Port Harcourt segment - approx. 560㎞ 2. Port Harcourt - Kano segment - approx. 800㎞, and 3. Lagos - Kano segment - approx. 870㎞

 

  - The 2nd Lagos Outer Ring Road is being developed with the aim of decongesting heavy traffic volume currently experience within the Lagos metropolis. For instance, the heavy duty trailers and tankers from the pots and Apapa petroleum depots will utilize this alternative route thereby decongesting traffic along the Apapa - Oshodi highway.

   - Under the proposed transaction arrangement, the road project is planned to be implemented in collaboration with the government of Lagos and Ogun States. The design alignment has been completed and Outline Basic Cases available at the PPP office of the Federal Ministry of Works. The Road project with a total length of approximately 99㎞ is comprises of two phases.

   · Phase 1:

     Tin Can Island - Igando - Lagos/Otta road interchange - Lagos/Ibadan expressway (74㎞)

   · Phase 2:

     Lekki - Ikorodu - Ijebu Ode on Shagamu/Benin expressway (25㎞)

 

 ② 주택 건설(Housing Construction)

  - Although Nigeria's real estate market is yet to be fully developed, the rate of urbanization in Nigeria has witnessed tremendous increase in the last two decades especially since the return of democratic governance in 1999. The building and construction sector has been growing ahead of the economy since 2007, at an average annual rate of between 12 and 13%.

  - With an estimated population of about 160 million, Nigeria has a demand for affordable houses across the nation, especially the commercial cities which include Lagos, Abuja, Port Harcourt, Aba, Onitsha, Calabar, Kano, Ibadan and Kaduna.

  - According to the Nigerian Building and Road Research Institute, Nigeria need about 16 million housing units to cover shelter gap in the country, and going by the estimate of the Federal Housing Authority, new housing construction in the country s about 10,000 units a year. To meet the ever increasing demand, the country needs 10 times more or at least 100,000 new housing units annually.

  - Under the Vision 2020 development strategy, the country needs to build 10,398,650 housing units between 2012 and 2020. Nigeria currently has a housing deficit of 23 million that should be met by 2020. This would require annual supply of a minimum of 2.6 million homes to bridge the gap.

  - To address these challenges, a major reform being carried out in the sector involves the establishment of a Mortgage Refinancing Company (MRC) as a Public-Private Partnership(PPP) arrangement with shareholders. Participants in this arrangement are the Federal Government, International DFIs, IFC, Shelter Afrique, Nigerian Banks, Primary Mortgage Institutions(PMIs), Insurance Companies and Private Equity Investors.

  - Nigeria therefore represents a potentially huge market for housing development, mortgage and housing microfinance lending.

 

□ 나이지리아 최근 5년간 경제성장률 및 향후 전망

 

 ○ 주요 거시경제 지표

 

구분	2010	2011	2012	2013	2014
실질 GDP 증가율 (%)	7.9	7.5	6.6	6.8	7.2
명목 GDP (십억 달러)	196.3	244.5	275.1	300.9	342.3
1인당 GDP (달러, PPP)	1,831	1,816	1,921	2,043	2,178
인구 (백만 명)	161.6	165.8	170.1	174.5	179.0
무역수지 (십억 달러)	30.2	30.8	37.7	35.5	37.9
- 수출	76.4	92.4	91.6	92.4	98.4
- 수입	△46.2	△61.6	△53.9	△56.9	△60.5
경상수지 (십억 달러)	13.2	8.6	13.8	8.3	8.7
외환보유고 (백만 달러)	34,919	35,212	42,874	45,102	49,871
대외부채 (백만 달러)	7,883	9,639	9,445	10,314	11,708
대미 평균환율 (N/달러)	150.3	154.7	156.9	162.0	167.7
인플레이션	13.7	10.8	12.2	10.8	9.6

자료원: The Economist Intelligence Unit

 

○ 경제성장

  - EIU는 연평균 실질경제성장률을 6.5%로 예상하고 있음. 2015년의 선거(대선 및 총선)를 앞두고 정치 및 정세불안이 경제성장의 걸림돌로 작용할 수 있으나, 전반적으로 경제는 지속적으로 성장할 것으로 전망

  - 지출 부문의 경우 민간 소비는 경제성장 추세에 따라 점차 회복될 것으로 보이고, 정부 지출은 유가 향방에 따라 의존적이나 인프라 개발 프로그램 등의 요인으로 공공부문 지출이 확대될 전망임.

 

○ 주택건설시장 성장동향

  - Provisional data from the National Bureau of Statistics indicated that at N889.0 billion (US$ 5.7 billion), the estimated Gross Domestic Product(GDP) measured at 1990 constant basic prices, grew by 6.6% in 2012, compared with 7.4% in 2011. The low growth in GDP relative to 2011 was attributed to the contraction in oil GDP. Analysis of sectorial contribution to GDP indicated that the building and construction sector contributed a meager 0.3%.

  - Another report from the National Bureau of Statistics also reported that the real estate market contributed 1.85% to GDP in 2012, and the building and Construction industry contributed 2.19% to GDP for the same period. Both sectors are growing, however, real estate by 10.41% in 2012 and building and construction by 12.52% in 2012.

  - In 2012, the Federal Government budgeted the sum of N183.5 billion (US$ 1.81 billion) for the Ministry of Works.

 

Sectorial Contribution to Growth Rate

                        (단위: %)

Sector	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Building & Construction	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.2	0.3

 

Sectorial Growth Rates of GDP

                        (단위: %)

Sector	2008	2009	2010	2011	2012
Building & Construction	13.1	12.0	12.1	12.2	12.5

자료원: 나이지리아 중앙은행(CBN) 202년 연차보고서(Annual Report)

 

□ 국가별 주요 고려사항

 

 ○ Nigeria's climatic condition vary from one region to another. The climate is equatorial in the South, tropical in the Center, and arid in the North. More so, the terrain also vary from the Southern lowlands, merging into Central Hills and Plateaus; mountains in the Southeast and Plains in the northern region.

 

 ○ However, the rising incidence of building collapse in Nigeria is becoming a disturbing trend especially in Lagos which appears to be worst hit. Argument have tilted towards the quality of building materials used, while some accuse the developers who defy the original approved plan.

 

 ○ 최근 나이지리아에 주택, 건물 붕괴사고가 자주 발생하였음. 이는 건축 및 건설 표준 미준수, 무리한 공기 단축, 불량(수준 미달) 제품의 사용, 안전에 대한 인식 미흡 등이 복합되어 작용한 것으로 판단됨.

 

 

2. 해외 신흥개발국 진출 해외 및 국내 건설기업 현황

 

□ 개요

 

 ○ The Nigerian construction industry is dominated by international construction firms, though a number of smaller local companies have also emerged to compete favorably with the major players. Julius Berger Plc remains the market leader as it controls a large chunk of the public sector construction.

 

 ○ The dominance of foreign construction companies in the industry is attributed to the deficiencies and incapability of the local construction companies in areas of financial effectiveness, innovations and technical expertise. Most of the major construction companies in Nigeria are subsidiaries/affiliates of European and Asian countries.

 

 ○ Some of the major players in the construction industry include, Julius Berger Nigeria Plc, Reynolds Construction Co. Limited, Setraco Nigeria Limited, Cappa and D'Alberto Co., Solel Boneh International, Boroni Prono & Company, BNL Engineering and Construction Co., Arab Contractors, among others.

 

 ○ Some of the big local construction firms include, Dantata and Sawoe Construction Co., Costain (West Africa) Limited, Bi-Courtney Limited.

 

 ○ China is investing a lot in the development of Nigeria's infrastructure. Recently, President Goodluck Jonathan visited China and signed a US$ 1.1 billion low-interest loan for infrastructural projects in Nigeria. The loan will help for the Airport terminals in four cities, a light-rail line in the capital city Abuja, and energy infrastructure. That is on top of the US$ 1.7 billion in contracts that Chinese companies have won to build up the country's roads.

 

 ○ The entry of Chinese companies into the Nigerian construction market is putting most foreign construction firms including Julius Berger on the edge.

 

□ 나이지리아 진출 주요 외국 건설사 현황

 

연번	국가명	기업명	설립연도	사업분야
1	Italy	Brunelli Construction Co.	1972	Pile Foundation, Road and Civil Engineering Works
		Boroni Prono & Co. Ltd.		Civil Engineers and Building contractors
		Trevi Foundations		Foundation Engineering
		Cappa and D'Alberto Plc.	1932	Building and Civil Engineering Works
		G. Cappa Plc	1952	Building and Civil Engineering Construction Contractors
		Piccolo Brunelli Eng. Ltd.
2	Germany	Julius Berger	1970	Planning, Design, Construction, Civil Engineering and Building Works
3	France	BNL Engineering & Construction Co. (formerly Bouygues Nigeria Ltd.)	1975	Building Contractors, Civil Works, Engineering and Design
4	China	CCECC Nigeria Limited	1996	Railway Design and Construction, Civil Engineering Design & Consultancy, Construction of Road, Bridges and Buildings
		CGC Nigeria Limited
		China Harbor Engineering Co. Nig. Ltd.		Engineering, Design and Construction of Road, Bridges, Railways, Ports, Slipways
5	Switzerland	Reynolds Construction Co. (RCC)	1969	Road, Building and Water Engineering Contractors
6	Israel	Solel Boneh International	1969	Road, Building and Water Engineering Contractor
7	Lebanon	Setraco Nigeria Limited	1977	Civil Engineering Construction Services
		Nahman Construction Co. Limited	1969	Civil Engineering Works, Commercial and Private Residential Contractor
8	Hong Kong	Foundation Construction Ltd.	1977	Foundation Engineering
9	Egypt	Arab Contractors O.A.O. Nig. Ltd.	1991	Building & Construction

 

□ 주요 나이지리아 현지 건설사 현황

 

연번	기업명	설립연도	사업분야
1	Costain West Africa Limited	1948	Facilities Construction for Oil & Gas, Construction of Public and Commercial Building, etc.; Infrastructural Development
2	Dantata & Sawoe Construction Co. Ltd.	1976	Design & Construction of Roads, Bridges, Highways and other Infrastructural Projects
3	Jagal Nigeria Limited	1978	Construction of High Rise Commercial and Residential Projects, Facilities development and management

 

 ※ 별첨 자료 참조

 1. 나이지리아 주요 건설사 명단

 2. 나이지리아 엔지니어링 관련기관 명단

 

 

3. 건설자재 인프라 현황

 

□ 국가별 건축자재 생산 인프라 현황

 

 ○ Although some of the construction materials are produced locally, the Nigerian market still depends on the importation of most of the materials used in the construction industry. Apart from Cement, which the country now have the capacity to meet local demand, other items like iron rod, steel bar, steel plates, roofing materials, are largely imported.

 

 ① 시멘트

  - The cement industry in Nigeria has witnessed tremendous growth over the past few years. Cement production has been on the rise since the conception of cement production in 1957. As at 2012, total install capacity was about 28 million tons, while local consumption is estimated at 19 million tones.

  - 60% of Nigerian cement demand is related to Government infrastructure and housing spending of which government allotted US$ 9.7 billion in 2012. This is an increase over the US$ 7.3 billion spent in 2011 and US$ 4.1 billion in 2010. The remainder of Nigeria's cement demand comes from the construction of private homes(25%) and block makers(15%).

  - Dangote Cement Plc is one the major cement manufacturers in the country controlling about 68% of the market. The other major cement manufacturer in the country are Lafarge Cement WAPCO Nigeria Plc(16%); Ashaka Cement(4%), Unicem(9%) The market is shared between the manufacturers and bagging plants. The bagging plants share the remaining 3%.

 

 ② 철강

  - The steel industry in Nigeria has grown by about 500% from producing only 10,000~15,000 tons five years ago, to producing 100,000 tons. According to investors, the industry could grow more if the government can stop the importation of iron rod and increase duty on importation of iron rod.

  - However, because of hug demand for steel products which are consumed in the construction industry especially for the construction of road and bridges, the demand has to be met by importation.

 

 ③ 지붕재(Roofing Materials)

  - Although roofing material are produced locally, the market is flooded by imported roofing materials especially the stone coated roofing materials which are in vogue and add to the beauty of the building.

 

□ 국가별 노임 단가(Labor cost)

 

 ○ The salary of workers in the construction industry varhy from company to company and from location to location. Workers in the cities earn more than worker in the hinterland, while workers in Road Construction many earn more than workers in Housing Construction. The workers could be either Skilled and Unskilled. The skilled laborer could be a carpenter, joiner, mason/bricklayer, electrician, plumber, mechanics, painters, plant operators, crane drivers, steel fixers, tile setters, etc.

 

 ○ On the other hand, the unskilled laborer is a category of worker that requires no special skill but requires little or no training to make them perform. Their major asset lies therefore in their strength and healthy body.

 

 ○ The Engineer depending on the qualification and experience could earn up to N350,000(US$ 2.258) monthly, while the Supervisor/Foreman could earn as much as N200,000(US$ 1,290) monthly. Other skilled laborer could earning as much as N77,500(US$ 500) monthly. Unskilled workers can earn as much as N60,000(US$ 387) monthly. Some of the unskilled laborers are paid daily, ranging from US$ 13 to US$ 20 a day.