작성일자: 2013.9.27

작성자: 뉴델리 무역관 김상환 (kimsh@kotra.or.kr)

 

 

1. 수요동향

 

□ Construction Equipment Industry

 

 ○ The construction equipment industry’s performance is directly linked to investment in Infrastructure, which is of a high priority in India. As a nation we are currently facing volatility in Oil, USD appreciation, inflationary pressure but India would be able to overcome these soon.

 

 ○ The Construction Equipment industry will grow in tandem with Infrastructure sector. Major international players of this industry are now present in India and have already set up their manufacturing bases. Investment in roads and highways is a major boost for Construction equipment. Mining, bridges, port, airport, dam and real estate are also expected to boost the requirement of Construction Equipments.

 

 ○ The Construction Equipment Industry foresees a very buoyant trend in earthmoving equipment in the next five years. As per Off-Highway research projections, crawler excavator will witness the highest growth rate among and will catch up with backhoe loader with annual sales of 40,000 units in 2016.

 

 ○ The Industry can be broadly classified under the following categories:

 

 

  - Excavator market in India

   · Amongst the Earth moving equipment sector, Excavators is the largest product line within the segment. The following is the forecast for the Earthmoving Equipment Segment:

 

 

   · According to Doosan Infractore Co., South Korea’s largest construction equipment maker, India’s excavator market may increase fivefold by 2015 to 33,000 units. They plan to build a factory in India to make excavators.

   · According to Hyundai Construction Equipment India (HCEI), which is a wholly-owned arm of South Korea’s Hyundai Heavy Industries, the excavator market was at around 14,000 units in India in 2012, adding this year it could be around 14,300~14,400 units. Currently, the company’s plant has an annual capacity of 7,000 units and excavators above 38 tons are imported from Korea. The Company is looking for a localization level of 45-50 per cent in the 50 tons excavator.

   · Amongst all the earthmoving equipment, backhoe loaders are the highest selling equipment in terms of volumes whereas excavators are highest in value terms. If government’s thrust on infrastructure projects continue the demand for excavators will just boom. As projects have become more time bound to avoid cost overruns, conversions to excavators can be seen at the lower end of the market.

   · While over 30,000 units of backhoe loaders are being sold annually in India in recent times, industry analysts feel that with increasing project sizes and the pressure on contractors to complete projects within strict time schedules, may force them to go in for more specialized machinery in the form of excavators.. While the backhoe loaders are expected to offer stiff competition, they could find the going rather tough given the rising popularity of excavators which could be ruling the roost in the near future.

   · Mining &Quarrying are major applications where tracked excavators are used and account for approximately 30~40% of the overall Excavator market in India.

   · Fastest Moving Classes of Excavator/ The top selling segment

     The 20T excavator is fastest moving class among excavators. They comprise 60% of total Indian Excavator market. This is because they perfectly fit into productivity requirements, availability of matching haulage equipment and ease of availability of transporting units.

   · It therefore, doesn’t come as a surprise that almost every major player is focusing on this class. A good example is available in the form of Hyundai Construction Equipment India Pvt Ltd, which has recently added the R210-7v and R210-9, models to its wide range, which includes the popular ’9′ series of hydraulic excavators. According to the company, the seamless matching of workloads with power requirement saves up to 7% to 10% fuel per hour and ensures enhanced earnings per dig. Kobelco Construction Equipment India Pvt Ltd (KCEI), the Indian subsidiary of global giant Kobelco, has also started production of 20 tons class excavators in its new factory in Sri City, Andhra Pradesh.

 

  - The Major growth drivers for the excavators

   · One of the reasons behind the growth of the excavator market has been the corresponding growth in the availability of heavy hauling equipment. The larger scale of projects has necessitated the usage of these high-capacity machines. For example, high-capacity wheel loaders are now becoming commonplace at highway projects where heavy earthmoving is required. With several big names manufacturing heavy haulers setting shop in India, these days it is also not difficult for contractors to find huge trucks to move earthwork in quick time. The same holds good for overburden in the case of mining. The availability of matching haulage equipment is therefore being kept a close watch by excavator manufacturers. In fact, the current growth of the 20~22 ton class of excavators is attributed to the availability of matching haulage equipment.

   · The lower end excavators, referred to as mini excavators, find greater usage in urban infrastructure development and road development while the heavier duty excavators are used in mining and heavy construction. Government of India’s objective to build 20㎞/ day has been another major growth driver for the excavators. Besides, small urban infrastructure projects created 40% demand for the 14 tonnes excavators while 60% demand was for 20 tonnes excavators used for road construction, urban infrastructure and irrigation projects. The demand for 50 tonnes to 85 tonnes excavators was sluggish as the mining sector is mired with controversies. The coal, and granite mining has been lethargic, iron ore sector projects are affected due to political and socioeconomic reasons in Karnataka and Orissa, added to this is the slow development of big ticket projects.

 

 

2. 경쟁동향

 

□ Excavator Market:

 

 ○ Excavator market is highly fragmented and Companies face intense competition. The following are some of the market leaders in the Indian market:

 

 ○ SANY (http://www.sanygroup.com/group/en-us/about/group.htm)

  - Sany is a Chinese multinational heavy machinery manufacturing company. It is a global company in the construction machinery industry with a vast product range of concrete machinery, excavator, hoisting machinery, pile driving machinery, road construction machinery, port machinery, and wind turbine.

  - SANY Group owns four production factories in America, Germany, India and Brazil. Its products have been exported to over 110 countries and regions.  SANY ranks 5th among the top 50 global construction machinery manufacturers.

  - SANY India was established in December 2002. In India SANY has a corporate hub with the biggest SANY overseas manufacturing plant at MIDC Chakan, Pune, with 6 branch offices located in central cities of India. SANY product range introduced in India includes concrete pump trucks, trailer-mounted concrete pumps, excavators, motor graders, crawler cranes, truck cranes, pile driving machinery, port machinery, pavers, etc. and some of these are leading the ways in India’s construction industry.

 

 ○ Caterpillar (http://india.cat.com/)

     

  - Caterpillar Inc. is an American corporation and is the world's leading manufacturer of construction and mining equipment, diesel and natural gas engines, industrial gas turbines and diesel-electric locomotives. The company also is a leading service provider through Caterpillar Financial Services, Caterpillar Remanufacturing Services and Progress Rail Services.

  - Caterpillar has been active in India since the 1930s. Caterpillar in India offers products that fall into the following lines of business:

   · Mining & Quarry-Caterpillar manufactures 60 and 100-ton off highway trucks (OHT) in India. They have recently introduced 240 ton mining truck in India.

   · Power Generation-Caterpillar offers a range of prime power and standby options to meet the varying needs of the Indian market.

   · Construction-Cat machines are working around the clock in the construction of the 2000 MW Hydroelectric Power Project at Subansri, Arunachal Pradesh, which includes digging and moving 1.14 million ㎥ of soil, civil works for diversion tunnels, coffer dams and concrete gravity dams, etc.

   · Roadworks-Whether it is in the Golden Quadrilateral or the national road corridors, Cat machines are deployed at every stage of the road construction from embankment to road finishing.

   · Petroleum-Cat reciprocating engines and Solar Turbines, enable gas compression for key customers including Reliance, ONGC, British Gas, CAIRN India and OIL India.

   · Rail-Electro-Motive Diesel Inc. (EMD) is the world's leading manufacturer of Diesel Locomotives with a turnover of $1.8 billion. It celebrated 50 years of bringing the latest Diesel Locomotive Technology to the Indian Railways in 2009. Currently EMD fully supports the ramp up of production at DLW to manufacture up to 200 locomotives per year. The Indian Railways deems locomotives powered by EMD technology and equipment to be highly reliable with an impressive availability rate of 91~95%.

 

 ○ Volvo (http://www.volvoce.com/)

  - AB Volvo is a Swedish multinational manufacturing company headquartered in Gothenburg, Sweden. Its principal activity is the production, distribution and sale of trucks, buses, and construction equipment.

  - Volvo India Private Limited was established in 1998 as a fully-owned subsidiary of Volvo, Sweden. The company has its manufacturing plant at Hoskote near Bangalore, where it assembles heavy commercial vehicles.

  - Volvo Construction Equipments and services are offered in more than 125 countries.

  - Their product range includes wheeled and crawler excavator (diggers), articulated haulers, Scraper Haulers, Wheel loaders, Pipe layers, Demolition Equipment, waste Handlers, motor Graders, Pavers, Compactors, Miling Equipment, Track Distributors, road wideners, mini Excavators, Backhoe loaders etc.

 

 ○ JCB (http://www.jcbindia.com/)

  - JCB is a British Multinational corporation, with headquarters in United Kingdom, engaged in the manufacture of equipment for construction, demolition and agriculture. It is the world's third-largest construction equipment manufacturer.

  - JCB India Limited, Ballabgarh (Haryana), India’s largest manufacturer of construction equipment.  The company offers 21 different machines in seven product types such as Backhoe Loaders, Loading Shovels, Tracked Excavators, Compactors, Telehandlers, Skid Steer Loaders and Pick and Carry Crane. An excellent network of 54 dealers and over 450+ outlets throughout the country, along with a world-class customer service network support. JCB also runs Operator Training School with over 15000 operators trained till date.

 

 ○ L&T Construction equipment Limited (http://www.larsentoubro.com/lntcorporate/common/ui_templates/HtmlContainer.aspx?res=P_CMB_BABT_COPR_ALNT)

  - L&T Construction Equipment Limited is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Larsen & Toubro Limited. L&T has acquired the 50% stake held by Komatsu Asia Pacific Pte Ltd, Singapore in L&T-Komatsu Limited and consequently, the name of the company has been changed to L&T Construction Equipment Limited.

  - The company continues to manufacture construction equipment and hydraulic components. Komatsu is responsible for the production of Komatsu equipment, including hydraulic excavators.

  - L&T started this plant originally in 1975 in Bangalore to manufacture hydraulic excavators for the first time in India, with technical collaboration from Poclain SA, France. The company introduced several models of excavators in the Indian market with enormous success, followed by other crawler and wheeled equipment as well.

  - In 1998, L&T-Komatsu Limited was formed as a joint venture company between L&T and Komatsu Asia Pacific Pte. Ltd, Singapore, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Komatsu Ltd, Japan. Komatsu is one of the global giants in the construction and mining industry.

 

 ○ Kobelco (http://www.kobelconet.in/)

  - The Kobelco Construction Machinery Group has a long history of developing construction machinery as a member of Kobe Steel, Ltd., one of the world leading steelmakers. The history spans over 75 years started in 1930 with the 50K electric mining shovel that was the first construction machinery product manufactured in Japan.

  - Kobelco Construction Equipment India private Limited was founded in 2007 in Delhi and Chennai for Machine sales, spare parts stock and sales, Service, Assembly and training of KOBELCO hydraulic excavators.

 

 ○ Doosan Infracore Co. (http://www.doosaninfracore.com/)

  - Doosan Group is a South Korean conglomerate company. Doosan Infracore, a part of the Doosan Group, is the leading machine Company in Korea. The Company is known for its Construction Equipments, Machine Tools, Engines, Attachments and utility equipment.

  - Doosan Infracore India Private Limited is a part of Doosan Group. The Company set up its first operation base in Chennai in 2008. The Company deals in Construction Equipment, Industrial Vehicles, Machine Tools, Factory Automation Systems, and Diesel Engines,

 

 ○ Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery(http://www.tatahitachi.co.in/)

  - Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery Company is an India based joint venture between Tata Motors and HCM, Japan. It was previously known as Telcon Construction Solutions. It has more than half of the market share in the excavator segment.

  - The construction industry involves heavy use of excavators, wheel loaders, and backhoe loaders. Tata Hitachi's range of excavators starting at 2 tonnes with a maximum size of 120 tonnes are made in the country. But sizes even bigger than this including the giant 250 tonne excavator have been brought in from Tata Hitachi's Principals, Hitachi Construction Machinery Limited, Japan.

  - Tata Hitachi is one of the largest manufacturer of construction equipment in the country and has three manufacturing plants - at Jamshedpur in Jharkhand, at Dharwad in Karnataka and at Kharagpur in West Bengal. It also has a full – fledged Design and Development set-up for developing indigenous and collaborated equipments. Hitachi is actively participating in creating the new R&D facilities at Kharagpur with the aim to make the new centre a global R&D hub.

 

 ○ Industry Players catering to India specific Demand

  - With India emerging as a key market, the above leading global players have been making efforts to further consolidate their presence in the country. JCB India, for instance, continued on its growth path with its range of excavators, including models, JS81, JS120, JS140, JS200, JS200HD, and JS210LC. Volvo CE India has lined-up big plans for India as evident from the setting up of its manufacturing plant in Bangalore from where it aims to cater to the growing Indian excavator market. The company made further inroads into the Indian market with models such as EC380D and EC480D, which are ideally suited for a range of heavy-duty applications, including mining, quarry work, civil construction, trenching, hauler truck loading, large-scale  road building, and mass excavation.

  - A space constraint, particularly in urban areas is one factor that is commonly found in India and even in some of its South Asian neighboring countries. Compact excavators are ideally suited for working in cramped urban confines, next to buildings or other property and areas where it is difficult to transport equipment. Many suppliers have come out with compact excavator models catering to this particular segment in recent times. Like Doosan Infracore came out with a compact model to cater to the Indian market, apart from its high-capacity excavators. The company earlier introduced the Bobcat MX 418 model in India, a compact excavator model, with an operating weight of 1,17kg and a dig depth of 1.83 metres.

     Telcon, an acknowledged market leader has the Tata Hitachi Zaxis 50 compact excavator model to add to its wide range of higher capacity excavators which includes models such as TMX 20, EX70, EX110, EX200Ilc, EX210-CCH-V, EX 350 CCH- V Super, EX-1200, EX-1900, EX2500, and EX-3600. Another big name that offers a wide range of excavators, right from the compact to heavier models is Caterpillar. This globally leading brand offers models ranging from 8 to 90 metric ton capacities as part of its mini, small, medium, and large hydraulic excavators range. Sany India is another leading name that has lined-up a wide range of excavators catering to the Indian market as part of its ‘SY’ series. The company offers excavators ranging in capacity from 7.5 tons to over 25 tons. The growth potential of the Indian excavator market can be gauged from the fact that Sany India, which offers perhaps the most varied range of construction equipment, had during the inauguration of its Chakan plant, near Pune, clearly announced that it intends to become the market leader in excavators in India, as one of its objectives.

 

 ○ GET Tools

  - Ground engaging tools are both manufactured as well as imported in India. These are usually imported and sold in the aftermarket and these are compatible with popular Excavator brands like-Caterpillar, Komatsu, JCB etc. mentioned above.

  - The market for the same is highly unorganized as there are a lot of local Companies dealing in the same.

     Examples of some of the Companies dealing in the same are:

   · Tech Link India- (http://www.tech-link-india.com/ground.htm) The Company offers GET for Excavators, like Shovel Teeth, Adaptors, Cutting Edges &complete Bucket Assembly for Original equipment manufacturers & for aftermarket.

   · Aries India Earthmovers Private Limited- (http://www.ariesindia.com/ground-engaging-tools.html) The Company is engaged in manufacturing a comprehensive range of JCB ground engaging tools. The range includes Bolt on Unitooth, Side Cutter (Single Flange), Side Cutter (Double Flange), Grader Plate / End Bit, Side Cutter / Cutting Edge, Bucket / Ripper,  Locking System and Bolts.

  - Further, the complete line of ground engaging parts come in different specifications so as to fit in the requirements of different JCB models including John Deere, Kobelco, Caterpillar, Komatsu, Hitachi, Hyundai, Daewoo.

   · R. S. Associates India- (http://www.rsassociatesindia.com/ground-engaging-tools.html) The Company is a Trader, Manufacturer & Exporter of Ground Engaging Tools such as Bolt On Unitooth, Side Cutter (Single Flange), Side Cutter (Double Flange), Grader Plate / End Bit, Side Cutter / Cutting Edge, Bucket / Ripper etc.

   · Earth Movers India- (http://www.earthmoversindia.com/ProductDescription.aspx?PId=2) The Company sells spare parts of heavy equipments and machineries for construction, mining, cements and power generation units. They are importing Materials from the countries like United States of America, United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan, Turkey, and Korea and from other countries.

 

  □ Excavators: Fresh Avenues and emerging newer market Segments:

 

 ○ Fresh Avenues

  - There has been a gradual evolution of the Indian market, with the market becoming more technology oriented rather than just being price driven. In fact, earlier price has been one of the major reasons why excavators had lagged behind the popularity of backhoe loaders, what with even a 7 ton excavator costing about more than 60% of a backhoe loader. However, things have been changing in recent times. With contractors coming under increasing pressure to complete large scale projects, there has been a realization that the use of excavators has become imperative. Coming to their aid has been the increase in the number of finance options for buying construction equipment such as excavators. Rental companies too have realized the growing importance of excavators and are now stacking up a wider range to serve different applications.

  - Meanwhile, manufacturers of backhoe loaders too have been exploring different horizons given the rising competition with excavators. With the realty focus now shifting to smaller Tier-II and Tier-III cities and towns, they have a readymade market available. Similarly, backhoe loaders because of their versatility and their ability to handle two different attachments will always find more number of applications outside the construction industry, as compared to the excavator. For example, backhoe loaders can be used for material handling. Another area where they have already made a mark is solid waste management. Civic authorities have been purchasing a significant number of backhoe loaders in recent times. Innovation is the name of the game and manufacturers of backhoe loaders are always coming out with new attachments to cater to different sectors.

 

 ○ Newer Market Segments Emerging

  - Construction trends in different parts of the country have a direct impact on the sale of excavators. For example, the increase in highway projects in the North East and in the lower reaches of Himalayas meant increased usage of machines suited for heavy earthwork. The numerous highway projects planned in these regions, with a vast majority of them requiring tunneling, spells good news for excavator manufacturers. Crawler excavators with their ability to work in difficult terrains and climatic conditions have emerged as the key in such conditions.

- Another area which offers good tidings for excavator manufacturers is mining. With the government keen to come out with further reforms aimed at opening up the mining sector, there are opportunities galore available to excavator manufacturers in this market segment. Until now, the 20T-22T class was enough to serve the needs of light mining applications. However, things are set to change with the scale of mining explorations increasing. Initially, the 33T-50T class is expected to gain demand for quarrying applications. The above 50T class excavators are expected to be part of a niche segment catering to the needs of large mines. Several new models are expected to hit the market exclusively catering to the mining sector in the near future.

  - Demolition is another small but significant market that offers opportunities for excavator manufacturers. Reconstruction is fast becoming big business in India. With land becoming a precious commodity, especially in metros, existing buildings are being razed down for new construction. Until now, demolition contractors have been indigenously modifying excavators based on their own expertise. Similarly, with port projects on the rise, there is also a market for amphibious excavators emerging in India, which again, contractors have been catering to with the help of modified excavators. Excavators designed specifically for these segments could soon be part of the Indian market.

 

 

3. 유통구조

 

 

 

4. 수입 통계 자료

 

□ Import Statistics

 

HS Code 843149

                                                                                                                        (Unit: USD, %)

Rank	Partner Country	Imports Value				Share
		2010	2011	2012	2013 (Jan-Mar)	2010	2011	2012	2013 (Jan-Mar)
	World	411,481,387	601,165,191	595,141,123	118,880,950	100	100	100	100
1	Korea, South	70,518,674	103,620,874	148,188,174	39,441,881	17.14	17.24	24.9	33.18
2	China	57,995,838	105,269,687	112,745,275	26,225,947	14.09	17.51	18.94	22.06
3	Japan	65,904,507	157,321,190	84,369,420	12,805,521	16.02	26.17	14.18	10.77
4	United States	50,604,045	39,337,619	65,456,308	11,219,349	12.3	6.54	11	9.44
5	Germany	34,449,238	34,456,200	49,514,897	6,203,962	8.37	5.73	8.32	5.22
6	United Kingdom	21,156,864	19,469,786	25,039,087	2,844,662	5.14	3.24	4.21	2.39
7	Italy	38,567,238	33,298,587	24,293,085	4,893,957	9.37	5.54	4.08	4.12
8	Sweden	9,362,355	7,761,271	10,856,806	3,099,961	2.28	1.29	1.82	2.61
9	Finland	4,217,594	11,481,040	10,120,639	863,653	1.02	1.91	1.7	0.73
10	United Arab Emirates	8,990,641	8,215,644	10,031,757	1,617,272	2.18	1.37	1.69	1.36
11	Spain	637,180	4,088,178	7,533,385	917,207	0.15	0.68	1.27	0.77
12	Singapore	13,641,785	23,817,436	5,450,154	1,484,795	3.32	3.96	0.92	1.25

Source: DGCI&S, Ministry of Commerce

 

□ Import Tariff

 

HS Code	843149
Item Description	Parts suitable for use solely or principally with the machinery of headings 8425 to 8430 ; other
Total import Duty (%)	25.852%
Duty Structure	Basic Duty (BD): 7.5% Countervailing Duty (CVD): 12% Special CVD (SCVD): 4% Educational Cess (EC): 3%
Import Policy	Free

 

□ Korea-India CEPA Tariff