美, 첨단기술제품 수입 지속 증가

- 한국산 수입 지속 증가, 절대 금액 적어 -

- 한국 전자, 정보통신에 국한 -

- 일본, 광학전자, 생산자동화, 첨단소재, 우주항공 등에서 두각 -

 

보고일자 : 2007.3.8

장용훈 뉴욕무역관

yhchang@kotra.or.kr

 

 

 Ο 미국 상무부는 10대 첨단기술제품(Advanced Technology Products)에 대한 정의(첨부)를 내리고 각 제품에 속한 세부품목을 HS Code 10단위 기준으로 확정해 수입통계를 별도로 관리하고 있음.

 

10대 첨단기술제품(Advanced Technology Products)

Biotechnology(바이오테크)

Life Science(생명공학)

Opto-Electronics(광학전자)

Information & Communication(정보통신)

Electronics(전자)

Flexible Manufacturing(생산자동화)

Advanced Materials(첨단소재)

Aerospace(우주항공)

Weapons(무기)

Nuclear Technology(핵 기술)

 

 

 Ο 본 보고서는 상무부 통계분석에 단순히 기초하고 있지만 최근 3년간 미국의 국가별 첨단기술제품 수입실적을 아시아의 경쟁국들(홍콩, 인도, 중국, 일본, 싱가폴, 대만 등)과 비교함으로써 한국산 첨단기술제품의 경쟁력을 분야별로 가늠할 수 있으며 이를 근거로 향후 차세대 성장 동력분야로 중점 개발해야 할 분야에 대한 시사점을 찾고자 함.

 

 

□ 전체 요약

 

 Ο 한국 제품의 수입 증가율은 전반적으로 매우 높은 것으로 나타나고 있으나 절대 금액에서는 중국, 일본 등과 비교할 때 상당히 적은 금액으로 나타나고 있음. 특히 정보통신, 전자분야에서 각각 90억 달러와 30억 달러의 큰 수출실적을 기록하고 있으나 최근 2년간 미국의 수입이 줄어들고 있음. 광학전자와 우주항공에서도 나름대로 좋은 실적을 보이고 있음.

 

 Ο 일본 제품의 수입은 모든 제품에서 두각을 나타내고 있음. 특별히 생명공학, 광학전자, 정보통신, 전자, 생산자동화, 첨단소재, 우주항공 등에서 최대실적을 보이고 있어 명실 공히 첨단기술제품에 대한 경쟁력이 매우 강한 것으로 나타남.

 

 Ο 중국은 광학전자, 정보통신, 전자, 무기 등에서 두각을 보이고 있음. 그러나 생산자동화, 첨단소재, 핵기술 등은 아직 발달하지 않은 것으로 나타나고 있음.

 

 Ο 대만은 광학전자, 정보통신, 전자, 무기 등에서 두각을 나타내고 있음.

 

 Ο 인도, 홍콩, 싱가폴은 전반적으로 경쟁력이 약한 것으로 집계되고 있음. 그러나 인도와 싱가폴은 생명과학에서 조금 두드러진 실적을 보이고 있음.

 

 

□ Biotechnology(바이오테크)

 

 Ο 2006년 미국의 바이오기술 제품의 수입은 48억 7261만 달러에 달해 전년보다 15.5% 증가했음. 이런 증가율은 2005년의 112.4% 증가에 이은 것으로 지속적인 수입 증가를 보여주고 있음.

 

 Ο 한국산의 2006년 수입은 379만 달러로 전년보다 30%의 높은 증가율을 기록했지만 미국 전체 수입의 0.08%에 그치는 매우 미미한 규모임. 2006년 경쟁국들의 수입액을 보면, 중국산은 4670만 달러, 일본 3,298만 달러 등으로 한국산 수입액 대비 약 6배에서 10배를 상회하고 있음. 그러나 한국산 제품의 수입실적은 홍콩, 싱가폴, 대만에 비해 10배 이상 큰 실적으로 집계되고 있음.

 

(표) 최근 3년간 Biotechnology 수입실적

                                                                                                               (단위 : 1000달러, %)

국 가	2006년		2005년		2004년
	수입액	증감률	수입액	증감률
전  체	3,024,424	19.9	2,522,571	16.3	2,169,738
한  국	3,530	88,150	4	-97.9	191
중  국	48,236	-34.0	73,121	-1.3	74,097
홍  콩	29	-57.4	68	161.5	26
인  도	9,342	-33.9	14,140	-43.4	24,997
일  본	38,149	-30.1	54,559	60.6	33,966
싱가폴	0	N.A.	10	-90.7	108
대  만	15	200.0	5	-16.7	6

                     자료원 : 미국 상무부 센서스국

 

 

□ 시사점

 

 Ο 한국은 정보통신과 전자제품에서 각각 90억 달러와 30억 달러의 큰 실적을 보여주고 있으나 2005년과 2006년 모두 미국의 수입이 줄어들어 최근 2년 사이에 각각 29.2%와 24.2% 줄어들었음. 한편, 한국은 광학전자와 우주항공에서 나름대로 좋은 실적을 보이고 있음.

 

 Ο 현재 한국이 강한 분야에서는 중국, 대만 등과 경쟁을 하고 있는 반면, 일본은 생명공학, 광학전자, 정보통신, 전자, 생산자동화, 첨단소재, 우주항공 등에서 한국을 포함한 다른 국가와 경쟁을 거의 하지 않을 정도의 최고의 위치를 차지하고 있음.

 

 Ο 따라서 한국의 첨단기술제품이 지속적으로 성장하기 위해서는 차세대성장분야로 부상하고 있는 바이오테크, 생명공학, 광학전자, 생산자동화, 첨단소재, 무기, 핵기술 등에서는 더 많은 연구개발이 필요한 것으로 나타나고 있음. 특히 생산자동화와 우주항공 제품이 최근 2년간 급등 추세를 나타내 미국 시장에서 경쟁력이 급속히 향상되고 있는 것으로 판단돼 수출 주력품목으로 육성할 수 있을 것으로 판단됨. 또한 첨단소재제품도 2006년에 22.3%의 높은 수입증가율을 보이고 있어 수출증대 유망품목으로 판단됨.

 

 

□ 첨단기술제품(Advanced Technology Products) 분야와 정의

 

 Ο Biotechnology

  - Focuses on medical and industrial applications of advanced scientific discoveries in genetics to the creation of new drugs,hormones and other therapeutic items for both agricultural and human use.

 

 Ο Life Science

  - Concentrates on the application of scientific advances (other than biological) to medical science. Recent advances, such asnuclear resonance imaging, echocardiography, and novel chemistry, coupled with new production techniques for the manufacture of drugs have led to many new products for the control or eradication of disease.

 

 Ο Opto-Electronics

  - Encompasses electronic products and components that involve the emitting and/or detection of light. Examples of products included are optical scanners, optical disc players, solar cells, photo-sensitive semiconductors and laser printers.

 

 Ο Information & Communications

  - Focuses on products that are able to process increased volumes of information in shorter periods of time. Includes central processing units, all computers and some peripheral units such as disk drive units and control units, along with modems, facsimile machines and telephonic switching apparatus. Examples of other products included are radar apparatus and communication satellites.

 

 Ο Electronics

  - Concentrates on recent design advances in electronic components (with the exception of opto-electronic components) that result in improved performance and capacity and in many cases reduced size. Products included are integrated circuits, multi-layer printed circuit boards and surface-mounted components such as capacitors and resistors.

 

 Ο Flexible Manufacturing

  - Encompasses advances in robotics, numerically-controlled machine tools, and similar products involving industrial automation that allow for greater flexibility to the manufacturing process and reduce the amount of human intervention. Includes robots, numerically controlled machine tools and semiconductor production and assembly machines.

 

 Ο Advanced Materials

  - Encompasses recent advances in the development of materials that allow for further development and application of other advanced technologies. Examples are semiconductor materials, optical fiber cable and video discs.

 

 Ο Aerospace

  - Encompasses most new military and civil helicopters, airplanes and spacecraft (with the exception of communications satellites that are included under Information & Communications Technology). Other products included are turbojet aircraft engines, flight simulators and automatic pilots.

 

 Ο Weapons

  - Primarily encompasses products with military application. Includes such products as guided missiles and parts, bombs, torpedoes, mines, missiles, rocket launchers and some firearms.

 

 Ο Nuclear Technology

  - Encompasses nuclear power production apparatus. Includes nuclear reactors and parts, isotopic separation equipment and fuelcartridges. Excludes nuclear medical apparatus, which is included under Life Science Technology.

 

 

자료원 : 미국 상무부 센서스국, 당관 보유 첨단산업 관련 자료 등